Category Archives: SCIENTIFIC

Cultural Awareness in the Context of Media Experience

Summary

Mariam M. Karapetyan

Key words – cultural Awareness, Mass Culture, Mosaic Culture, Cultural Journalism, Cultural Proximity, Creativity, Modernity.

The article examines the problem of proximity of culture and modernity. The article focuses on the significant issue of the effectiveness of the bond of culture and cultural journalism on one hand and modernity on the other: how exactly do the Armenian TV channels produce contemporary cultural references or are they involved in the media production of modernity at all? And if they are, what kind of verbal and textual means do they use? The main question relates to the possible role of cultural journalism in overcoming the cultural alienation for Armenian society. Cultural journalism is presented as a sector of creativity with market issues. Explores the cultural journalism and two characteristic features of the modern world, relations of consumerism and creativity in the armenian context. An attempt was made to think about the media’s “mediation mission” possible “auxiliary content” (contexts of idea implementation, contexts of semantic perceptions) production, that can contribute to the creative and constructive words’ update. Particularly, the production of meanings of “culture’s mobility”, “variety”, “hypothetical situation”, “authorship” is addressed to the culture illustrating media. Theoretical inquiries are presented along with a number of practical ways to solve them.

Summary 

Greta Y. Nikoghosyan

Keywords – Armenian literature, translations from the French, the second half of the XIX century, journal «Ararat», French Armenologists, French literature of classical period.

At the end of the 19th century the number of translations of European and especially French authors into Armenian greatly increased, respectively, the Armenian press of these years began to publish translations of foreign authors, in addition to original works. The magazine turned to the works of such great French authors like Antoine Jean de Saint-Martin, Blaise Pascal, Francois Rene de Chateaubriand, Jean de La Fontaine, Victor Hugo, Jacques Delille, Jacques Elisee Reclus and others. The works of French authors left some great influence on the Armenian language, literature and scientific thought in general, and the journal «Ararat» undoubtedly contributed to this process.

In the issue of the recognition of Armenian Genocide

Summery

Doctor Zhirayr A. Kocharyan (Berlin)

Keywords – Germany, the Armenian Genocide, the Bundestag, the First World War, Johannes Lepsius, honest umpire, recognition, Madame Merkel, refugees.

The response of German media (TV, radio) and the cultural, academic and human rights events at the occasion of centenary were extremely numerous and went above and beyond everything that Armenians in Germany were used to so far. In a parliamentary debate on April 24, 2015 representatives of all fractions made impressive speeches, in particular the President of the Bundestag Prof. Lammert, who clearly qualified and condemned the “events of 1915” as genocide.

Four factors seem to be instrumental for this qualitatively and quantitatively intensive statements: 1) the exemplary and significant speech by Pope Francis during a memorial service on April 12, 2015 2) the antipathy of parliamentary German opposition against the ruling conservatives, 3) an enhanced sense of history in the German majority society, and 4) the distancing from Erdoğan’s Neo-Ottoman policy.

The Bundestag is facing 15 years in a bid to recognize the genocide of the Armenians, i.e. to make a legally qualified vote in the spirit of the UN Genocide Convention. Whilst in 2005 the Bundestag unanimously adopted a resolution that admitted German co-responsibility, the German lawmakers avoided, at the same time, an own position whether the “expulsion” and “massacres” of 1915 qualify as a genocide.

The influence of the executive on the legislature, incompatible with the democratic principle of separation of powers, has an unfortunate tradition in Germany’s policy towards Turkey and Armenia: In 1915, Prime Minister Bethmann Hollweg prevented a critical distancing of his country from the Ottoman extermination policy, citing the priority of German-Ottoman military alliance. Although German political decision makers were better informed than other governments about destruction of Christian co-religionists in the allied Ottoman Empire, the German public was not allowed to know anything about these crimes. Until the end of World War I strict military censorship prevented any objective press reporting over Armenia and Turkey.

As a result of a century of silence, until this day there exists no comprehensive scientific review of precise German debt proportion in Germany. No German historian, no university has ever conducted research on this topic. The subject was entirely left to journalists and non-historians. In the increasingly pluralistic society of Germany, in which the descendants of the Muslim perpetrators and the oriental Christian victims live together now, scientific and political inaction bear negative results.

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary

Summary

Valeri A. Mirzoyan

Key words – Simon Zavaryan, diversity, minority, decentralization, democracy, self-government, power, liberty, participation, progress

In this article, theoretical heritage of Armenian prominent public figure Simon Zavaryan (1865–1913) is discussed in the frame of social-philosophical problems of democratization of public administration. Un particular, on the conditions of contemporary globalization, that reveals not only previously unprecedented opportunities for states of mutual enrichment by the experiences of public administration, but also could lead toward serious danger of loss cultural identities, in such conditions has exceptional importance the principle developed by Zavaryan on harmonious co-ordination of diversity and uniformity in the organization and management of public life. There are some other Zavaryan’s principles of socio-political characters – provision of real democracy by having regard to the opinion of the minority, creation of social institutions for deterrence of officials at different levels, amplification of local self-government bodies, deepening citizen motivation to participate on decision process of the widest possible problems of public administration.

On the example of the Armenian media texts

Summary

David V. Petrosyan

Dialogical relationship between a journalist (author) and an external addressee in media texts develops in a very interesting way. If during a direct dialogue with external addresses journalist uses some role behavior: creates a direct connection with the reader, the elements of direct dialogue with the external addressee, etc., than the presence of over external addressees in the texts contributes to the creation of an atmosphere of understanding with external addressees. And while direct contact between journalist and external addressee, each party can become an author or a reader, as intertextual dialogues are conducted at several levels: author-author, internal addressee – author, internal addressee – another author, and so on.

Summary 

Tigran R. Yepremyan

The paper discusses Hugo Grotius’ international political thoughts and their influence on the formation of constructivist thinking in international relations from the perspective of modern constructivism. In relation to Grotius’ thought different constructivist approaches to international politics are taken into consideration. Therefore, the paper proceeds with the conceptualization of the influence of Grotius’ political thought on the theory and practice of international relations in the light of constructivism and speech act theory. Hence, Grotius’ idealistic and holistic approach towards nations and society of nations is regarded within the framework of Alexander Wendt’s theory of structural constructivism. According to these approaches, nations (states) are constructed with common beliefs and organizational structures that give them territorial monopoly of legitimate violence. This comprehensive perspective allows us better understand the evolution of holist and structuralist theories of international relations and Grotius’ role in the formation of constructivist theories in international relations.

Summary

David V. Petrosyan

The presence of the inner addressee in relations between the journalist and the addressee is usually ignored by researchers. Especially in analytical and journalistic materials the dialogue of the author with the inner addressee adds notable nuances to the text. By means of the inner addressee the author gets the possibility to cleave its intellectual-spiritual world, enter some polyphony in the process of submitting of his own ideas and intentions. The inner addressee can be considered as microshape of the audience. Indeed, thanks to him the text within itself becomes a kind of meeting place for the author-journalist and author-audience and thus provides the meeting of the author with external audience.

Summary

Karen H. Khachatryan
Soviet Armenia received its share in “German trophies” as a result of its heroic participation on the battlefields of WW II and hundreds of thousands of victims for the victory of the USSR. In the spring of 1946 a working group was sent on an errand headed by vice-president of the Armenian government for dismantling machine tools, equipment and constructions (etc.) of different German plants and factories, and controlling their transportation.

The local industry of the republic was rather reequipped owing to German trophies; enterprises of light, food and particularly heavy industries were replenished with valuable and modern equipment. It gave a chance to establish new industrial branches in the republic, particularly, electro-mechanical and electrotechnical machinery and equipment, etc. The integration of the republic in the Soviet military-industrial complex was strengthened.

By the light of new facts and evidences

Summary

Lusine M. Sargsyan
During the last two decades the question of the loss of Shahumyan region is was always timely, so many articles have been written, books have been published, there were many opinions expressed. By this article the new facts and evidences are presented, which concern the loss of Shahumyan and have been found out after the war of Nagorno-Karabakh with the help of the Armenian and Azeri participants of the struggle. The coinciding confessions of the participants from two sides prove and discover the real reasons of the suppressions of Armenians from the northern parts of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Summary

Gayane Kh. Chobanyan
Soon after its independence Azerbaijan changed its foreign policy course towards the Islamic world. Making religious accents in Nagorno-Karabakh war Azerbaijani government was trying to get military aid from Muslim countries and Islamic terrorist organizations. In 1991-1994 mercenaries who were enlisted in different countries especially from Afganistan, Pakistan, Chechnya, Turkey and Iran, fought on the side of Azerbaijanis in the war in Nagorno-Karabakh. The Azerbaijani authorities still deny the involvement of mojahideen in the military actions, but it is a proved fact, which is based on the bodies of killed people during the war, the religious literature, documents in their traditional languages, and other proves found by the defense forces of Nagorno-Karabakh. After the war the majority of the mojahideen left Karabakh front and were involved in other regional conflicts where they used the experience from Nagorno-Karabakh war. The territory of Azerbaijan had been often used to supply weapons, financial, material and other means and fighters to Chechnya and Dagestan. The other part of mojahideen that stayed in Azerbaijan influenced on establishment of radical Islam structures and branches of international Islamic terrorist organizations, wհich used the territory of Azerbaijan as a strong hold of terrorist network.