Category Archives: APPENDIX

Seda K. Gasparyan (Doctor of Sciences in Philology)
Nare A. Shalunts, PhD

Language is known to be a unique means of enabling humans to transmit thoughts. No doubt, it can be a source of inspiration and motivation, sharing knowledge, but on the other hand, it can also be a way of spreading injustice and falsification. Communication, being the fundamental function of language, presupposes interaction between the addresser and the addressee based on processes of encoding and decoding thoughts.Political interviews as a specific variety of political discourse display the implementation of linguistic manipulation, and this is well evidenced by the interviews of the Azerbaijani President given to the international media, namely the BBC, France 24, CNN, Al Jazeera, and ARD TV Channel. Obvious is the fact that in all these interviews, the Azerbaijani President intentionally uses a wide range of manipulative tactics by distorting facts.

Haykanush A. Sharuryan
PhD in Philology

Ruzan R. Ghazaryan
PhD in Philology

This study seeks to contextualize a shared thematic connection between two seemingly unrelated literary traditions, French and Armenian. These traditions are interwoven by what can be termed “perpetual themes.” The focus of this study is on two contemporary novelists, Pierre Loti (1850-1923) and Krikor Zohrab (1861-1915).

Silva V. Papikyan

The Armenian language has been greatly influenced by Russian especially after the unification of Eastern Armenia with Russia in 1828. The connection between a nation and its history is unarguable and the history of any nation leaves its mark on the language. In this sense political, economic, cultural relations with neighboring nations are important, as a result of which languages borrow many words from each other. Among the borrowed words there are a certain number of exoticisms that indicate objects, phenomena and customs specific to a particular nation or country. Usually, they are used when it comes to culture-specific concepts characteristic of a given nation. The article considers some exoticisms transferred from and through Russian into Armenian, which are classified into the following semantic groups: accommodation-residence-area, art-literature, mode of address-address, political directions, clothes, common words.

Based on the examination, it turns out that some exoticisms passed from and through Russian into Armenian are native Russian and direct borrowings in bolshevik, decembrist, menshevik, muzhik, etc., some of them completely went out of use and joined the ranks of archaicisms – batrak, burlak, kholop, etc., many of them acquired new meanings in the course of historical development resulting in polysemy of the word. The origin of some exoticisms from Russian is unknown.

A large number of borrowings passed from different languages into
Armenian through the mediation of the Russian, such as taiga <Rus. тайга <Turk. tundra <Rus. тундра < Fin., etc.

The words borrowed from the European languages are mostly international words.

Anna E. Hakobyan

Scholarly interest in legislative translation has grown substantially over the recent decades, with corpus-based approaches contributing much to our understanding of the relationship between translated legislation and source texts, on the one hand, and translated and non-translated legislative texts in the target language, on the other.

Zina A. Avetisyan

The beginning of the 17th century became an essential start of educational and cultural awakening for the Armenian nation. Closing the bitter pages of the wars, the Armenian people devoted themselves to the work of spreading enlightenment, which was done through the work of book printing. The development of the Armenian typography along with “Sharaknots”, “Saghmosaran” and “Mashtots”, gave birth to some monumental works such as “History” of Arakel Davridzetsi published by Voskan Erevantsi, “The History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi, the first modern Armenian world atlas “Hamatarac ashkharatsoyts” published by the Vanandetsi.

With the study of seals and regarding village Nakhedur

Siranush M. Fahradyan

From the numerous documents assembled in the archival fund “Divan of Catholicos” of the Matenadaran named after Mesrop Mashtots, a deed of purchase of the Armenian catholicos Hakob Jughaetsi (1655-1680), approved in 1667, was presented.

Newly discovered testimonies about Alexander Tairyan in the archive of Alexander Yeritsyan

Haykaz J. Hovhannisyan

The activities of the Armenian businessman and philanthropist Alexander Tahiryan are not properly covered in the Armenian historiography, and scattered information about him in the historical
literature does not reflect and does not characterize his undeniable influence in the Armenian social- political and economic life in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Artsrun A. Avagyan

Hakob Mndzuri is one of the famous figures of the Armenian classical literature. Like many other Western Armenian miraculously rescued writers he has had a complicated and tragic fate. He dedicated his whole life to the people and nature of his native province, to the revival of the animal world and national customs and anything that is called homeland. Most of  Mnzuri’s works are about the relationship of people with animals that describe everyday life, where the only goal is hard work, which human beings would not be able to accomplish without the help of domestic animals.

Marine D. Ghazaryan

This article is dedicated to the study of topographical images in the prose of
Diaspora Armenian writer Hakob Mndzuri. Mndzuri’s prose stands out for its complete and
comprehensive images of the place, written with the knowledge of an artist formed from
close contact with native nature. Those images help to develop an idea about the geography
of this or that part of Western Armenia and are important in order to get a broad picture of
the national identity. 

Summary

The true story of Israel Ori’s life and activities

Ararat M. Hakobyan

The outstanding figure of the Armenian liberation movement and struggle of the late 17th and early 18th centuries – Israel Ori, with his selfless, but contradictory, sometimes adventurous life and activities, is considered the firstborn (herald) and initiator of the Russian political orientation of the Armenian people. On his way from the West to Russia, he sometimes resorted to falsification of documents in order to arouse the interest of Russian political leaders and encourage them towards the issue of the liberation of Armenia. Documentary records of his Western Russian political, negotiating, diplomatic activities, two “Palatinate” and “Moscow” plans for the liberation of Armenia, although unrealistic for the time, are considered an innovation in the history of the Armenian political thought. He was the first figure who brought the Armenian liberation movement and diplomatic negotiations out of the religious-confessional level (diaper) of the clergy and put them on the military[1]political foundations of a practical, secular content.

The ultimate goal of the liberating ideas of I. Ori was the complete liberation of Armenia from the Persian-Turkish tyranny and the creation of an autonomous Armenian statehood (kingdom) initially under the auspices of the Western European powers, and then of Russia, as evidenced by the two programs he drew up, as well as the map of Great Armenia presented to Tsar Peter.

A valuable documentary collection compiled by philologist, historian K. Yezyan, and other supporting materials enable us to conclude that the beginning of the Russian orientation of the Armenians is considered not the second half of the 17th century and not even the turn of the 18th century, but the 1720s, i. e.: the time when in anticipation of the so-called Caspian campaign of Peter the Great, the liberation struggle of Artsakh and Syunik flared up.

All this means that the Russian political orientation of the Armenian people has a history of three centuries. But this does not mean that the Armenians unanimously stood on the positions of this orientation. Historiographical objectivity requires noting that due to the dictates of the times and circumstances, especially at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, in particular, during the discussion of the Armenian issue, the Armenian socio-political circles mainly and involuntarily represented other – Western orientations, but in both cases did not achieve significant positive results.

At the same time, it should be noted that there is no need to put a big barrier in the issue of the Western European and consequently Russian political orientation of the Armenian people, since already Russia of Peter the Great with its system of political, state-legal and cultural values aspired to become a European country. And as for the liberation of Armenia, in practical terms it was closer to Armenia, and the latter’s liberation by Russia was more realistic. In other words, if we compare and evaluate the missions of the two political directions of Israel Ori, then from the viewpoint of civilizational orientation, in a broad sense it can be considered European-Russia.

A comparative analysis of documentary materials and historical-political events of the region indicates that during the era of Israel Ori, Armenia still had no real prospect of practical liberation with the support of foreign forces, neither by Russia nor, even more so, by Western countries. In the era of Israel Ori, the Armenian people had not yet developed an indestructible political concept that in order to have a free, independent national state and protect it, one should first of all rely on the collective consciousness of the nation, on its own strengths and capabilities. And from the perspective of learning advisable historical lessons, even now, during the Third Republic, in the conditions of modern serious challenges, it is difficult to say how irreversible the political mentality and the way of actions of the Armenian public and the state power have become among us regarding the independent statehood and defense of the Motherland