Category Archives: APPENDIX

ON THE GENRE AND TERMINOLOGY OF REVELATORY TEXTS

This article explores various methodological approaches to studying apocalyptic visions and revelations, focusing on the challenges of genre classification and terminology within medieval Armenian texts. It examines how terms such as haytnutʿyun, tesil, and tesilkʿ appear in manuscript titles and are used in scholarly discourse. By analyzing their usage in both primary sources and modern scholarship, the study highlights the ambiguity these terms can create when attempting to define the literary nature of a given text.

The article argues that, while preserving the traditional terms associated with specific texts is important for purposes of identification, genre studies benefit from applying more precise classifications—such as the “apocalypse,” as defined in modern scholarship. These carefully drawn distinctions help differentiate between texts that may share thematic elements but differ in structure, content, or mode of revelation. Clarifying the genre and type of a text contributes to a better understanding of its place within the broader literary tradition, facilitates comparative analysis with similar works in other traditions, and supports a more systematic approach to the study of medieval Armenian revelatory texts.

TRACING ARMENIAN MANUSCRIPTS PRESERVED IN BAKU

About 31,000 Armenian manuscripts are preserved in state, church, and private collections in the Republic of Armenia and various countries around the world. However, some manuscripts remain uncatalogued or unknown, including those preserved in Baku.

During the period from the 1940s to the 1970s, several Armenian scholars conducted research on Armenian manuscripts housed in collections in Baku, the capital of the Azerbaijan SSR. In the late 1940s, Vazgen Hakobyan studied manuscripts held at the Central City Library, named after Lenin, and the Nizami State Museum of History. Later, Levon Khachikyan examined Armenian manuscripts in the Republican Manuscript Depository of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR and the Central City Library named after V.I. Lenin. His research resulted in a handwritten catalogue of these manuscripts, which is now preserved in an archival collection bearing his name at the Matenadaran.

The findings of these scholars are supplemented by manuscript microfilms kept at Matenadaran and the Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts, as well as archival materials and scholarly records. These sources and related literature collectively document twelve Armenian manuscripts, two Georgian manuscripts, and a silver plaque from another Armenian manuscript that was previously housed in the capital of the Azerbaijan SSR. The colophon data on these manuscripts, their provenances, and their movements — considering the formation of manuscript collections in Azerbaijan — provide a more comprehensive understanding of their trajectory.

THE LEGAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE ARMENIANS IN GREATER SYRIA (XVI-XIX CC.)

This article presents a detailed analysis of the legal status of Armenians in Bilād al-Shām (Northern Country or Land, Greater Syria) as a dhimmī and a constituent part of the Armenian millet, as well as their socio-economic status as a ra‘iyah in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries of Ottoman rule.

The evolution of territorial and social governance systems was a direct result of the necessity to administer the conquered regions and populations.

The state classified the population according to religious affiliation, rather than ethno-linguistic identity. Consequently, the non-Muslim population of the empire, which constituted approximately 40 percent of the population in the mid-sixteenth century, was divided into three religious communities or millets: Greek Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, and Jewish․

PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERCEPTIONS

Of prediction in Ghazaros Achayan’s novel “Two sisters” and his folklore process

Dreams and visions have their unique place in the novel “Two Sisters” and folklore processes by one of the important authors of Armenian classical literature – Ghazaros Aghayan. The author often fills his stories with various dream allegories and tricks, thus, on one hand, sharpening the reader’s interest, adding mystery to the plot, and giving information about future developments and, on the other hand, opening the doors to the dreamland. This trick allows the heroes to move freely beyond the space-time boundaries in a world where life does not follow any set laws. The topic of the given study is the examination and interpretation of the boundaries of real and imaginary in the works by Ghazaros Aghayan.

The choice of Aghayan’s works is not accidental, as his legacy is distinguished by authorial and artistic tricks, realistic, magical, and allegorical images, etc. Aghayan’s literary works allow us to form a deep comprehension of the manifestations of boundaries between the real and imaginary within the framework of the artistic text. The aim of the study is to examine the boundaries of the real and imaginary in Aghayan’s novel “Two Sisters” and folklore processes.

The objective of the study is to reveal what relationship the dream, as a predicative trick of plot, a manifestation of the imaginary and literary device, has with the real world. The objective of the study also is to examine through which philosophical manifestations it reveals the psychology of the characters of Aghayan’s above-mentioned novel and fairy tales and by what means the author prepares the reader for the further developments in the plot of the given works.

The modernity of the study is due to its interdisciplinarity: it was carried out as a result of interpretive examination processes of different disciplines, namely, literary studies, philosophy, and psychology. The scientific novelty of the study is that in Aghayan’s novel “Two Sisters” and folklore processes the dream is considered as a special structural element of the work, which enriches the plot with mystery, as well as provides an opportunity to analyze and reveal the reflections of dream in folklore notions and Armenian culture. Structural, hermeneutic, meta-critical, and historical-comparative methods were used.

THE INFLUENCE OF IBN TAYMIYYAH’S IDEAS ON THE FORMATION OF WAHHABI IDEOLOGY – 2024-3

A comparison of some theological aspects

Seda T. Tigranyan

In the Middle Ages, religion was the dominant form of social consciousness and ideological system. Historically significant social and political movements were usually accompanied by new ideological and religious manifestations – sometimes bringing forth conservative ideas to purify religion from innovations, yet sometimes attempting to adapt religious provisions to the requirements of the time. This is also true for Islam and the history of Islamic countries. For example, at various times religious and political movements, currents and radical groups called for the purification of Islam driven by political and social reasons. Some of them had widely used and currently apply the ideas of Sunni Islamic scholar, theologian Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328). The wide application of Ibn Taymiyyah’s ideas and the various references to his works lead to disagreements and conflicting interpretations of his ideas. Opinions about his personality also vary – from a pious Muslim, an eminent scientist to a madman. Even so his views, ideas, in general, had a huge impact not only on the consciousness of his contemporaries, but also on the next generations.

MANIPULATIVE LANGUAGE TRICKS In the political discourse of Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev – 2024-2

Seda K. Gasparyan (Doctor of Sciences in Philology)
Nare A. Shalunts, PhD

Language is known to be a unique means of enabling humans to transmit thoughts. No doubt, it can be a source of inspiration and motivation, sharing knowledge, but on the other hand, it can also be a way of spreading injustice and falsification. Communication, being the fundamental function of language, presupposes interaction between the addresser and the addressee based on processes of encoding and decoding thoughts.Political interviews as a specific variety of political discourse display the implementation of linguistic manipulation, and this is well evidenced by the interviews of the Azerbaijani President given to the international media, namely the BBC, France 24, CNN, Al Jazeera, and ARD TV Channel. Obvious is the fact that in all these interviews, the Azerbaijani President intentionally uses a wide range of manipulative tactics by distorting facts.

CONCEPT OF WAITING IN PIERRE LOTI’S AND KRIKOR ZOHRAB’S WRITINGS – 2024-1

Haykanush A. Sharuryan
PhD in Philology

Ruzan R. Ghazaryan
PhD in Philology

This study seeks to contextualize a shared thematic connection between two seemingly unrelated literary traditions, French and Armenian. These traditions are interwoven by what can be termed “perpetual themes.” The focus of this study is on two contemporary novelists, Pierre Loti (1850-1923) and Krikor Zohrab (1861-1915).

THE STUDY OF EXOTICISMS TRANSFER ED FROM AND THROUGH RUSSIAN INTO ARMENIAN – 2023-4

Silva V. Papikyan

The Armenian language has been greatly influenced by Russian especially after the unification of Eastern Armenia with Russia in 1828. The connection between a nation and its history is unarguable and the history of any nation leaves its mark on the language. In this sense political, economic, cultural relations with neighboring nations are important, as a result of which languages borrow many words from each other. Among the borrowed words there are a certain number of exoticisms that indicate objects, phenomena and customs specific to a particular nation or country. Usually, they are used when it comes to culture-specific concepts characteristic of a given nation. The article considers some exoticisms transferred from and through Russian into Armenian, which are classified into the following semantic groups: accommodation-residence-area, art-literature, mode of address-address, political directions, clothes, common words.

Based on the examination, it turns out that some exoticisms passed from and through Russian into Armenian are native Russian and direct borrowings in bolshevik, decembrist, menshevik, muzhik, etc., some of them completely went out of use and joined the ranks of archaicisms – batrak, burlak, kholop, etc., many of them acquired new meanings in the course of historical development resulting in polysemy of the word. The origin of some exoticisms from Russian is unknown.

A large number of borrowings passed from different languages into
Armenian through the mediation of the Russian, such as taiga <Rus. тайга <Turk. tundra <Rus. тундра < Fin., etc.

The words borrowed from the European languages are mostly international words.

ON THE ISSUE OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CATHOLICOS HAKOB JUGHAYECI AND THE VANANDETSI FAMILY – 2023-3

Zina A. Avetisyan

The beginning of the 17th century became an essential start of educational and cultural awakening for the Armenian nation. Closing the bitter pages of the wars, the Armenian people devoted themselves to the work of spreading enlightenment, which was done through the work of book printing. The development of the Armenian typography along with “Sharaknots”, “Saghmosaran” and “Mashtots”, gave birth to some monumental works such as “History” of Arakel Davridzetsi published by Voskan Erevantsi, “The History of Armenia” by Movses Khorenatsi, the first modern Armenian world atlas “Hamatarac ashkharatsoyts” published by the Vanandetsi.