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ALLUSION OF THE VOICE IN WHISPERS – 2015-1

Based on the novel of the Romanian-Armenian writer Varuzhan Voskanyan “Book of Whispers”

Suumary

Ala A. Kharatyan

Key words – Varujan Vosganian, novel, the book of whispers, allusion, genocide, avenger, nemesis,voice, memory, Dro, Misak Torlakyan, M.Bakhtin, word, discourse, history, magical, myth, hyperreal

In the article “Allusion of the Voice in Whispers” the author analyses the reflection of Armenian Genocide in the “Book of Whispers” by the RomanianArmenian writer Varuzhan Voskanyan. In particular, the article analyses how the theme of Genocide is reflected in an entirely new way. This new way is here viewed by means of an analysis of the tone of voice, which depends on the contents of the material. Whispering is the intonation, in which the characters of the novel speak, and depending on the situation it either turns into loud voice or is reduced to silence, or it turns into discourse with history. Thus, voice becomes mythologically broad and encompassing, due to which it became possible to analyze and comment on numerous questions of content and ideology in the novel.

THE EPOCH OF ASHOT THE IRON – 2015-1

Part II: Reestablishment of the Armenian Kingdom

Summary

Arman S. Yeghiazaryan

Key words – Ashot the Iron; Armenian kingdom; catholicos; historical period; coronation; Ashot, son of Shapuh; shahnshah; Sbuk; Gagik Artsruni; Abas.

Ashot the Iron returned from Constantinople in 919 and immediately restarted the liberation war against the troops of Yusuf, emir of Atrpatakan, who have already crowned Ashot-the brother’s son of king of Armenia Smbat I.

There were 3 kings of Armenia at that time: Ashot the Iron, Gagik Artsruni from Vaspurakan and Ashot, son of Shapuh, crowned by Yusuf.

Successes of Ashot the Iron forced the emir of Atrpatakan to recognize him as a king of Armenia.

After Yusuf was captured in 919, Subuk, new emir of Atrpatakan proclaimed Ashot the Iron as a king of kings.

After Yusuf released and returned he attacked Vaspurakan, then left for Atrpatakan. He sent to Armenia Nasr al-Subuki as a governor. The army of Nasr was defeated by the troops of Ashot the Iron.

In 924 the battle of Sevan Lake took place. The Arabian army headed by Bashаr was defeated.

After Yusuf has died in 927, Ashot the Iron could liberate Armenia from the troops of Atrpatakan, restored the state system of the kingdom and beginning from the last yeаrs of his reign for a century Armenia enjoyed peace and was developing.

Ashot the Iron played key role in the history of the Bagratids kingdom. The figures such Ashot the Iron in the world history are called heroes of the epoch or historical persons.

SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN JOURNALIST- EXTERNAL ADDRESSEE – 2014-4

On the example of the Armenian media texts

Summary

David V. Petrosyan

Dialogical relationship between a journalist (author) and an external addressee in media texts develops in a very interesting way. If during a direct dialogue with external addresses journalist uses some role behavior: creates a direct connection with the reader, the elements of direct dialogue with the external addressee, etc., than the presence of over external addressees in the texts contributes to the creation of an atmosphere of understanding with external addressees. And while direct contact between journalist and external addressee, each party can become an author or a reader, as intertextual dialogues are conducted at several levels: author-author, internal addressee – author, internal addressee – another author, and so on.

CONCERNING THE SOURCES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM: HUGO GROTIUS – 2014-4

Summary 

Tigran R. Yepremyan

The paper discusses Hugo Grotius’ international political thoughts and their influence on the formation of constructivist thinking in international relations from the perspective of modern constructivism. In relation to Grotius’ thought different constructivist approaches to international politics are taken into consideration. Therefore, the paper proceeds with the conceptualization of the influence of Grotius’ political thought on the theory and practice of international relations in the light of constructivism and speech act theory. Hence, Grotius’ idealistic and holistic approach towards nations and society of nations is regarded within the framework of Alexander Wendt’s theory of structural constructivism. According to these approaches, nations (states) are constructed with common beliefs and organizational structures that give them territorial monopoly of legitimate violence. This comprehensive perspective allows us better understand the evolution of holist and structuralist theories of international relations and Grotius’ role in the formation of constructivist theories in international relations.

THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE – 2014-4

At the boundary of opportunities and challenges

Summary

Atom Sh. Margaryan

The Eurasian economic union (EEU) is the high form of integration between member countries aimed towards development of a single market space. It involves not just establishment of a customs union but also agreed upon and common economic policies in certain areas. The Republic of Armenia as a small country is anyhow forced to be a part of this process. The article does not include all the potential risks and benefits of accession to the Eurasian economic union. However, there are pros and cons that are evident at this stage of the process. This is an expanding market, inflationary potential, impact on budget revenues, the labor market, relations with third countries, investment opportunities. Entry into the EEU a good reason for Armenia to rethink their international economic relations: the balance of trade issues, promoting local producers. At the same time, there are so-called governance and institutional risks associated with the administration of the new system, the qualifications and awareness of officials and businesses.

DIVISION OF THE PROVINCE (GAVAR) ZANGEZUR IN 1921 – 2014-4

From the history of the formation of the interstate border between Soviet Armenia and Soviet Azerbaijan

Summary

Hamo K. Sukiasyan

On the basis of the Armenian-Russian agreement signed on December 2, 1920 in Yerevan, Soviet Russia recognized the province of Zangezur of Yelizavetpol province as part of Soviet Armenia. Previously, on November 30, 1920 the Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan also declared Zangezur property of Soviet Armenia.

On August 31, 1921 People‘s Commissars of ASSR took the decision „about the formation of the province of Zangezur“, which meant only the territory under the guidance of Njdeh (western part of the province). Thus, although the leaders of the ASSR were pretending that Zangezur joined the Soviet Armenia, it concerned only the western part of the province.

On October 12-13,1921 at the meeting with the participation of 43 „responsible figures“ from Armenia and Azerbaijan, it was decided to hold a temporary border between the two states. Accordingly, the territories where in April 1921 they held the elections for local councils, were considered part of the territory of Azerbaijan, and those areas which were under the rule of G. Nzhdeh until July 1921 were attached to Armenia. A similar decision was taken just the day before during the meeting of the provincial Revolutionary Committee of Zangezur.

In fact, on the basis of an agreement signed in Yerevan on December 2, 1920, the province of Zangezur, which was part of the Soviet Armenia, now was implicitly divided between Soviet Armenia and Soviet Azerbaijan.

CULTUROLOGICAL ASPECT OF GENRE STUDIES – 2014-4

According to M. Bakhtin’s and Yu. Tinyanov’s research

Summary

Slavi-Avik Harutyunyan 

The main aspects of the theory of genre studies by Yu. Tinyanov and M. Bakhtin are analyzed in the  article. The conclusions concerning the genre made by the two great theorists are considered to be an acquisition of new literary criticism, comparing with traditional literary criticism and existing theoretical traditional views on genre as such.

A special interpretation is given to primary and secondary genres advanced by M. Bakhtin. The first ones are considered as primary genres, which exist since ancient times and the secondary ones as relatively new phenomena. The concept of chronotope is particularly analyzed within these differentiations as an essential relationship of temporal and spatial relations, which are artistically developed in the literature. The author concludes that the key novelty of Bakhtin is to describe the adventure chronotope in the transformation of space and time and opportunity to move them in space. Considering the theoretical views of Tinyanov about the genre, the author focuses on the two most important factors that are put forward by them in understanding the genre: the historicity and the evolutionism, through which the genre is considered to be a moving phenomenon.

RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS OF THE SELIM CARAVANSERAI – 2014-4

Summary

Astghik A. Babajanyan, Artavazd S. Zaqyan

The complex of Selim caravanserai was built in 1332 by prince Chesar Orbelyan according to the bilingual inscription. It consists of the main three-nave hall, the antechamber and the building adjacent to the antechamber.

In 2012 the joint expedition group of the Institute of archaeology and ethnography NAS RA and “The Service for the protection Historical Environment and Cultural Museums Reservation” Non Commercial State Organization of the RA Ministry of Culture carried out excavations in the territory of the Selim caravanserai. The aim of the excavations was to ascertain the functional role of the building adjecent to the east of antechamber as well as to check the durability of building foundation.

The excavations disproved the identity of the adjacent building as a chapel (which had been known in extant literature), and likewise disproved the presence of the door in the south side as it was marked in past measurements. The entry was found in the west side of the building, which is connected with the antechamber.

The majority of the found artifacts are pottery of the XIII-XIV c. which has parallels in ceramic production of simultaneous monuments of Armenia. A collection of metal artifacts was found, consisting of a large needle, fragments of a door lock, shoes for oxen and stone working tools, as well as a fragment of an obsidian knife blade.

As the results of excavations several versions were raised regarding the functional meaning of the adjacent building (refectory, staff apartments, hall for commercial exchanges, guardhouse) which will be supported or contradicted by further excavations. The new excavations revealed various previously unknown facts, enriching the historical-cultural description of the Selim caravanserai.

FROM THE QUESTION OF ARCHE TO THE IDEA OF SALVATION OF SOUL – 2014-4

Following Kuno Fischer’s Reconstruction of Ontologico- Gnosiological Problems of Ancient Greek Philosophy

Summary

Hakob S. Madoyan

The article discusses Kuno Fischer’s reconstruction of Ancient Greek philosophy, which is presented in the “Introduction” to his “History of New Philosophy”. Preserving formulations of main problems and the course of reconstruction proposed by Fischer, the development of ontologico-gnosiological problems of Ancient Greek philosophy is briefly traced on the basis of slightly different factual material with a grater accent on pre-Socratics and stressing some ideas, which are more topical from the viewpoint of modernity. An attempt is made to answer some possible criticism towards such reconstruction, as well as to discern some characteristics of Ancient Greek thought and Western thought in general.