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THE LINGUISTIC SIGN AND ITS EXTRALINGUISTIC SYNONYM – 2014-1

Siranush G. Hovhannisyan

Summary

The article focuses on the connection between the objective reality, inner world of a person and linguistic system of signs. It presents how a person starts to recognize the real world, how a sensual world comes into existence in a person. Accordingly, we differentiate three types of human existence – perceptional, intellectual and physical. It is shown how the outer world is reflected in the inner world of a person and how it is designated. It is underlined that the part of a person’s existence which becomes complete due to perceptional existence is mainly designated by means of nonlinguistic signs. A linguistic sign is conditional when it has the mission of naming a big and continually growing feeling. Such an emotional experience may be designated also by a motivated sign, which will not be a linguistic sign any more. All the linguistic signs have only one nonlinguistic synonym – silence. Thus, we can conclude that on the one hand the continuously growing feeling can be estranged by adjusting to the corresponding linguistic sign and on the other hand it can be estranged by the one and only nonlinguistic synonym – silence. In the last case the appointer of the linguistic segment being estranged is quite reasonable.

FROM AMBIVALENT PAST TO HISTORY – 2014-1

Text, Narrative, Interpretation

Summary

Albert A. Stepanyan
The paper deals with the fundamental aspects of historical study and writing. The focus of them makes the personality of the historian being involved in cultural texts of the present and past. His dialogue with the «voices» of different epochs is one of the main components of historical reflection. In its turn, it motivates the scope and essence of the «questioning» of the past and opening the way to overpassing the imaginative ambiguity of the past and memory. This makes the real start of historical investigation comprising the activity of the historian from the verification of historical facts to their clustering in textual and narrative units. Only in this consequence, the interpretation of single events and large historical blocks are possible. They open the content and essence of history. And the historian gains ability of answering the fundamental questions of his investigation formulated far back by Herodotus – how, when, and why?

IRONY OF PARADOX OF HISTORY – 2014-1

According to the tale­novel by Mkrtich Sargsyan “Nazar the Brave”

Summary

Sergey A. Aghajanyan
This article is the third one in a series of studies devoted to the phenomenon of artistic embodiment of the image “Nazar the Brave.” In this article it comes to a fairy tale-novel of Mkrtich Sargsyan “Nazar the Brave” (1980). The author has combined the main observations that were in scientific papers of philological bias and added his own comments. Cultural aspect of the study was used in order to comment on the material comprising the circumstances, the idea of creating an allegorical novel, caused especially by the Soviet experience

SACRAL DREAM OF ZAVARYAN – 2013-4

Summary

Gevorg S. Khudinyan
The article is subject to review the main phases of proposal and prosecution by Simon Zavaryan concerning the idea – principle of nation’s moral rebirth. It is shown that the idea was proposed at two levels: first, implantation of heroic idea and creation of honest, courageous and militant moral image of Armenian by propaganda and hard work within their party and second, the nation’s moral rebirth idea–principle’s application in the name of healthy and vibrant nation’s formation embodying the moral qualities of the Armenian people.

It is scientifically proven that Zavaryan’s dream of the nation’s moral revival, which represented fully developed and at the same time strong individual, basing upon altruism, has not been implemented in a politically unstable period of the 20th century and remained at the level of ideological minority, who founded the Armenian statehood. The paper presents the features of Armenians as Zavaryan outlined them, which could be exemplary in our time.

SIMON ZAVARYAN’S IMAGE IN WESTERN-ARMENIAN LITERATURE – 2013-4

Summary

Ala A. Kharatyan
The article is devoted to the image appreciation of well-known figure in western-Armenian literature AR Federations member Simon Zavaryan. The article is mainly about the literary interpretations of the western-Armenian writers who have managed to express their distress concerning the events taking place in the political life of that period, and it refers also the ideological questions, which could be realized in political life with the help of such persons. In this sense some parallels are drawn between the characters of Zavaryan’s literary works and him, as political figure.

MEETINGS OF THE GREATS – 2013-4

Part II. Hovhannes Tumanyan and the ideological heritage of Simon Zavaryan

Summary

Susanna G. Hovhannisyan
In the early 20th century there was a strong need for people who would dedicate themselves to the Armenian culture, national liberation and struggle for life. And they didn’t keep waiting. Two of them were Tumanyan and Zavaryan, the greatest Armenians of that epoch, whose joint efforts for the prosperity of the national culture and ideological heritage were due to the similarity of their temper and moral values. The best documentation of their struggle and common attitude towards the issues of the Armenian studies is their correspondence, especially the letters of Zavaryan addressed to Tumanyan on May 27 and Septmber 22, 1913 (Charents Museum of Literature and Arts, N978), which have never been made public, as well as some other relating to the outstanding ARF figure (the letter of Arshak Papyan, Charents Museum of Literature and Arts, N966) which will also be presented to the society for the first time. They put a new slant on life and work of Zavaryan, and in particular on the history of his album’s creation entitled «Armenian and Armenia» or «Work of the Armenian», which is his research concerning the science of the country, some new details of Zavaryan’s scientific activity and the destiny of his research were also revealed in the letters.

The article presents a nationwide population response on the occasion of unexpected death of Zavaryan and his lively commemoration by the society. We have examined also two valuable articles of Tumanyan dedicated to Zavaryan – «Honest and Sincere» and «some character traits of Zavaryan», where the artist created the real and vivid image of Zavaryan, as a public figure and as just a human.

A so far unknown poem of Tumanyan, which was read in Berlin during the event dedicated to the memory Zavaryan is published for the first time.

SIMON ZAVARYAN AS PEDAGOGUE – 2013-4

Summary

Tereza S. Shahverdyan, Armen G. Haroutyunyan
Simon Zavaryan’s short-term pedagogical activities promoted within the framework of the Taron Education project held in 1909-1911 proves that having no special pedagogical education he displayed great organizational and managerial capabilities typical of a true theorist and sophisticated scholar, as well as a capacity to see something new. The distinguished thinker also displayed decorous pedagogical tact, smart and impartial exactingness.

S. Zavaryan could create lasting values of great significance in the field of pedagogy, ideas which are still actual and instructive. S. Zavaryan’s life itself may be considered a real sample of fair struggle for all intellectuals of today.

SIMON ZAVARYAN AND THE ARMENIAN ARGAGIAN ECONOMIC THOUGHT – 2013-4

At the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Summary

Samvel S. Avetisyan
One of three founders of AR Federation – Simon Zavaryan was not only a social and political figure; he greatly contributed also to the development of the Armenian economic thought in the late 19th and early 20th century. He graduated from the one of the most eminent and democratic higher educational institutions – Petrovsky Agricultural Academy and engaged in affairs concerning agriculture in Caucasus, Zavaryan traveled all over Transcaucasia, especially in the provinces of Kutaisi, Yerevan and Yelizavetpol and in the region of Kars, he there examined the agriculture of the country and the life of the peasants, then he published series of valuable monographs and numerous scientific articles.

The following research is the first attempt to appreciate at its true value the scientific heritage of Simon Vratsyan, to explore the importance and currency of the ideas expressed in his works published in Russian and Armenian languages.

At present, even after one century, we can conclude due to the research/ examination of his scientific and social-political heritage that Zavaryan was revolutionary also in the sphere of agricultural economics and his propositions concerning the development of agriculture are very urgent and relevant nowadays.

ZAVARYAN AS APOLOGIST OF SOCIAL JUSTICE – 2013-4

Summary

Arthur S. Ghazaryan
The article is a brief reference to the positions of Simon Zavaryan (one of the founders of AR Federation) concerning social justice. Living and taking his activities at the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when on one part Armenia was under the pressure of the Ottoman Empire and on the other part under the pressure of tsarist Russia, Zavaryan was not only against feudalism, he was really struggling against feudalistic system.One of Zavaryan’s ideas was that the development of the individual person should go on without the distinction of the class of language. Favorable conditions should be created for the development of every single person. In his articles Zavaryan also mentioned the importance of the correlation of justice and personal property; he thought that the concentration of too much property prevents the development of the individual.

The article also presents the means and ways suggested by Zavaryan that will lead to a fair society: to the establishment of socialism.