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David Gyulzatyan. The doctrine of the expression of the literary Eastern Armenian language. Yerevan, “Global University”, 2015, 296 pp. – 2016-3

Summary

Siranush G. Hovhannisyan

Key words – linguistics, descriptive grammar, normative theoretical grammar, textbook, manual for self-tuition, G. Jahukyan, term, language style.

The article discusses the book of D. Gyulzatyan “The doctrine of the terms of the literary Eastern Armenian language”, published in Yerevan in 2015. There is given a description of the book, some linguistic and stylistic features, there are highlighted some of the main advantages of the book, and comments are made. The book consists of the theoretical material solidly outlined and a set of various practical tasks to strengthen the material. It is concluded that this work of D. Gyulzatyan may be important for both students and researchers to the scope presented in this manual for self-tuition.

THE ROLE OF ARMENIAN PRESS IN THE DIASPORA – 2016-3

The comparative analysis of 2005-2010 publications of “Asparez” (Los-Angeles), “Alik” (Tehran) and “Noev Kovcheg” (Moscow) periodicals

Summary

Syuzanna S. Barseghyan

Key words – diaspora, ethnic media, identity, ethnic and cultural values, content analysis.

Ethnic media is played an important role among the Diaspora’s traditional organizations created for preserving ethnic identity in foreign environment. The history of the Armenian Diaspora communities’ formation were accompanied by creation of a press. It was not only contribute to preservation and dissemination of ethnic and cultural values, but also played a significant role in everyday life of immigrants, in ethnic communities’ consolidation and self-organization process. In the current globalized and technological era ethnic media could assume a greater role to establish transnational communication network between homeland and diaspora communities and to form common system of values.

The aim of presented article is to show the role of ethnic media in the preservation of cultural and ethnic identity, in the processes of reproduction and dissemination of values. The article examines following research objectives: a) determine the impact of press on ethnic and cultural identity; b) evaluate the role of press in reproduction and dissemination of the ethnic and cultural values; c) find the special and general (local and global) ethnic values, symbols, myths and ideas spreaded by press.

The article examines comparative analysis of three ethnic press in Los Angeles (“Asbarez”), Tehran (“Alik”) and Moscow (“Noyev Kovcheg”). The study was conducted through content analysis method and included six years (2005-2010) publications of three periodicals.

PHILOSOPHY OF WAR – 2016-3

Thoughts on the “Four-Day War”

Summary

David R. Mosinyan

Key words – war, memory, oblivion, hero, heroic, trauma, unconsciousness, philosophy, identity.

Nowadays more substantial intellectual efforts are needed, not only to orientate in every time suddenly reorganized geopolitical picture, but also to determine the extent of your own participation in the certain war. It means that there is a problem to think about the war in the philosophical context. Peace and safety have become the normative criteria for social life especially after World War II. But what we call “peace” is a relative phenomenon in both military and philosophical sense. To approach the war with good-bad terms is to make you a laughingstock from the world history point of view.

MINIATURE BY MOMIK – 2016-3

In the manuscript Gospel of the Russian State Library (f. 439.23.5)

Summary

Inesa G. Danielyan

Key words – Momik, Armenian miniature, Illuminated Gospel, Russian State Library, Portraits of the Evengelists, Miniature of Gladzor, Orbelian.

The article is devoted to study of the miniatures of Armenian Four Gospels from Russian State Library (f. 439.23.5). The illustration of the manuscript consists of khorans, portraits of the Evangelists, title pages and marginalia. It is unknown when, where and by whom was created the manuscript, because the last pages where usually are given the main information about the manuscript – lost. Article discusses the question of the author of paintings of the Russian State Library’s manuscript. In 1963, Tatiana Izmailova, a prominent scholar, in unpublished description of that manuscript, which is also stored in Russian State Library, it is noted that the artistic decoration of the Four Gospels is close to Gladzor school of Armenian miniature and to the paintings of master Momik. T. Izmailova dated the manuscript to the beginning of the 14th century. Based on stylistic and iconographic study of the miniatures we can confirm that the artist of the Gospel was the famous Armenian medieval master – miniaturist, sculptor and architect Momik. The compositions of miniatures representing the Evangelists, as well as their images and types indicate the relationship between the paintings of Momik’s manuscript of 1302 (Matenadaran, N 6792) and therefore, the Gospel can be dated to the first decade of the 14th century. If we take into account some additional details, we can make assumptions about the identity of the patron of the manuscript. The abundant use of gold in the illustrations, as well as the parchment, on which the manuscript was written, indicates the material well-being of the donor. It is not excluded that the patron of the manuscript was one of the most important member of the noble family Orbelian as master Momik mostly worked under their patronage. The article is devoted to study of the miniatures of Armenian Four Gospels from Russian State Library (f. 439.23.5). The illustration of the manuscript consists of khorans, portraits of the Evangelists, title pages and marginalia. It is unknown when, where and by whom was created the manuscript, because the last pages where usually are given the main information about the manuscript – lost. Article discusses the question of the author of paintings of the Russian State Library՛s manuscript. In 1963, Tatiana Izmailova, a prominent scholar, in unpublished description of that manuscript, which is also stored in Russian State Library, noted that the artistic decoration of the Four Gospels is close to Gladzor school of Armenian miniature and to the paintings of master Momik. T. Izmailova dated the manuscript to the beginning of the 14th century. Based on stylistic and iconographic study of the miniatures we can confirm that the artist of the Gospel was famous Armenian medieval master – miniaturist, sculptor and architect Momik. The compositions of miniatures representing the Evangelists, as well as their images and types indicate the relationship between the paintings of Momik՛s manuscript of 1302 (Matenadaran, N 6792) and therefore, the Gospel can be dated to the first decade of the 14th century. If we take into account some additional details, we can make assumptions about the identity of the patron of the manuscript. The abundant use of gold in the illustrations, as well as the parchment, on which the manuscript was written, indicate the material well-being of the donor. It is not excluded that the patron of the manuscript was one of the most important member of the noble family Orbelian as master Momik mostly worked under their patronage.

INTERPRETIVITY OF HISTORY AND THE HISTORICAL-SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF MOVSES KHORENATS’I – 2016-3

Part 2: History as the interconnection of thought-process towards truth and wisdom

Summary

Romik Kh. Kocharyan

Key words – history, historical-scientific conception, philosophy of history, hermeneutics, interpretation, truth.

This paper presents the problematic of understanding and interpretation in the realization of the genuine destination of history and, thus, in the being-oftruth of history. Understanding and interpretation are necessarily interwoven in the being of history as such. Into this problematic are necessarily and preferably involved both the historian author – during all stages of his history-creation (selecting and collecting historical material, research and exposition) and the reader – in his perusal relatedness with the historical text. In the historicalscientific conception of Movses Khorenats’i history is the understanding and interpretation of the genuine sense (meaning) and spirituality of the narrated in itself essential and significant bygones or yores of the world and in it also of mankind’s self-identity, life and culture, and as such it is a message to a “reading-lover” striving for understanding wisdom, valiance and heroism, every virtue and good-orderliness. And in its inner interrelation with history hermeneutics builds the foundation, forms the adequate construction, improves and leads to the completion of its necessary and preferable fulfillment the truth of the being of history as such and the sense, which reveals that truth.

HORIZONS OF TEXTUAL SPACE – 2016-3

Summary

Ashot S. Abrahamyan

Key words – text, space, structure, sequence, sender (author), recipient (reader), hermeneutics, post-structuralism.

Spatiality often lays foundation for text characteristics. It is fostered by text structuality (regardless of its interpretation), as well as by the fact that reasonings on text are, in the first place, based on written text, which, due to its materiality (a page, a book), occupies part of the space. Textual space is managed by the sender (author) and the recipient (reader). There exists a great variety of recipient perceptions of the original text to which evaluation criteria, accepted in pragmatics for a single utterance, are not applicable. In classical hermeneutics all the meaning-making rights in the text are granted to the author: the role of the reader is reduced to the revelation of the author’s idea. Post-structuralism, on the contrary, enunciates the “death of the author” and entrusts absolute textual space organization freedom to the reader. Optimal is the cooperation model, in which the reader, to some extent, becomes a coauthor, and the author becomes a co-reader.

THE WORLD OF RAPHAEL PATKANYAN’S NOVELS – 2016-3

Summary

Albert A. Makaryan, Astghik V. Soghoyan

Key words – R. Patkanyan, “I was Engaged”, ”Mistress and Maid”, “Ambitious”, N. Gogol, Chichikov, Armenian romanticism, aesthetics of romanticism, genre peculiarities, creation of characters.

The article is dedicated to the study of composition peculiarities of the novels by Rapael Patkanyan (“I was Engaged”, “Mistress and Maid”, “Ambitious”). It’s an attempt to newly reveal the ideological-aesthetic and poetic peculiarities of the novels written by the writer, who has long before become classic, to identify their literary ties and methods used for creating characters as well as other related issues. The main conclusion of the study is, that though the novels under consideration are not perfect and in the genre of novel the author is unable to reach to such a harmony of form and plot, that is perceived in his poetry, nonetheless, they are interesting expressions of romanticism and sentimentalism, are of some literary value and have their peculiar place in the history of Armenian literature.

CONVENTION “OF FORMER MEMBERS OF ARF DASHNAKTSUTYUN” IN ARMENIA IN 1923 – 2016-3

Under the light of historical and critical revaluations

Summary

Ararat M. Hakobyan

Key words – ARF Dashnaktsutyun, congress, elimination, A. Bakunts, Soviet Armenia, stenographic protocol, Armenian Communist Party, social origin, A. Mravyan, decision, resolution, 2nd International.

After the Sovietization of Armenia, ARF Dashnaktsutyun became the main target of the Communist Party on the way of the establishment of a one-party regime in Armenia. To this end, on behalf of the government party bodies a convention was prepared and conducted by the “former members of the ARF Dashnaktsutyun” in Armenia on November 24, 1923 to discuss the elimination of the Armenian organizations and members of the ARF Dashnaktsutyun. Critical study of the convention’s materials shows that, although the ordinary members of ARF Dashnaktsutyn announced the rejection of their membership in the ARF under the fear of losing their jobs, and under state duress, but some of them did not make a statement, and some even remained faithful to the ideology of ARF Dashnaktsutyun. Despite the fact that the reports and speeches were read following a pre-planned scenario, in consequence of which it was decided to eliminate the organizations of ARF in Armenia, a letter-application was addressed to the 2nd International Bureau, but even then, the groups and the organizations of ARF Dashnaktsutyun continued their underground activities in Soviet Armenia. We can say that the so-called “self-destruction convention of the ARF Dashnaktsutyun” did not reached its goal completely.

According to the data of Joint State Political Administration of the Soviet Union on January 1, 1930, there were 70 ARF groups with 538 members in the USSR, which consisted of 6 organizations and had a control center. Facts also show that the allied groups and individuals were operating in Armenia until the end of sovietization in the second half of the 1930s. In the end, due to the repressive policies of the communist government, ARF Dashnaktsutyun was forced to exile. The center of gravity of the party moved to the diaspora. Despite this, the party was still in the spiritual connection with the homeland until the collapse of the USSR, and after the destruction of communist totalitarianism, ARF Dashnaktsutyun returned home. In August 1990, the party was fully present in Armenia and played an important role in the liberation of Artsakh and in the creation of the modern independent Republic of Armenia.

RESTORATION OF BAGRATUNIES’ POWER IN THE REIGN OF KING ABAS – 2016-3

Summary

Arman S. Yeghiazaryan

Key words – Abas Bagratuni, reign, “Shahnshah/king of kings of Armenia and Kartli”, Gagik Artsruni, Anania Mokatsi, Kapan, Khachen princedom, Marzuban ibn Muhammad, Kars, Argina.

In the second period (943-953) of reign of Armenian king Abas, Bagratunies’ dominance in Armenia and neighboring countries was restored. At first, after the death of Gagik Artsruni – the second king of Armenia, Abas became the supreme ruler in Armenia. Initially he reunited the south areas of Ayrarat region which have been occupied by Gagik Artsruni to Bagratids’ main possessions. Then Grigor Derenik – successor of Gagik Artsruni recognized his supremacy.

In 943 Abkhazian forces attacked Armenian kingdom. In the battle near Kur River Armenian army defeated the Abkhazians. By that time the Abkhazian kingdom was the main actor in chalcedonian regions of Transcaucasia. The victory against the Abkhazian kingdom expanded the influence of Abas in these regions.

In the second half of 940s Abas and Catholicos of Armenians Anania Mokatsi could resolve the confessional problems in the Armenian Eastern provinces.

The facts show that Abas also got the title of “Shahnshah/king of kings of Armenia and Kartli” at last. Thus the Power of Bagratunies in Armenia and Christian Transcaucasia was restored. As a result of such successes in Armenian sources Abas is known as a victorious king.

THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL GENESIS ACCORDING TO KANT’S AESTHETICAL VISION – 2016-3

The process of the classification of art

Summary

Slavi-Avik M. Harutyunyan

Key words – M. Kagan, E. Kant, A. Baumgarten, Art -1, Art-2, Dichotomy of art, Cultural genesis, Ancient culture, Morphology of art, New era, Fine arts, Muse, mysticism.

The following article discusses various ways of the interpretation and classification of the concept of ‘art’ in the process of Cultural Genesis, from ancient times to the 18th century of the Kant system. Talking about the culture of Antiquity, the role of art in public life is mentioned, not only as an aesthetic phenomenon, but aslo its different functions are taken into account: educational, ideological, etc.. The interpretation of ancient authors about the role of music and poetry in the upbringing of a person is examined. The role of art in the formation of an ideal State in Plato’s philosophical views is emphasized. Certainlly, in antiquity art was not perceived as a mere phenomenon of culture, but inner division of different types of arts accured. Having analized E. Kant’s ideas (in the work “Critique of judgment”), eight different meanings, in which E. Kant uses the term “art”, the interrelationship between them (via constraint concept), as well as the basis of the morphology of Kant’s art are underlined. In the process of the present research scientific methods, adequate set of research tasks were used, in connection with its object and purpose: comparative analysis, synchronous and diachronous analysis, historical reconstruction method, method of systematic and structural analysis, etc. A special role played in the work the semiotic method.